![]() The carbon content in 316L is low for welding purposes and also reduced corrosion. Type 316 (Cast 316 is called CF8M) and 316L (Cast 316L is called CF3M): contain substantial molybdenum additions for improved corrosion resistance (particularly pit type corrosion), creep resistance and high temperature strength. 310S contains less carbon than 310 to minimize carbide precipitation. Type 310S: have higher nickel content than 309/309S to further increase scaling resistance. 309S contains less carbon to minimize carbide precipitation. Type 309/309S: have added chromium and nickel for more corrosion resistance and high temperature scaling resistance. Type 305: has increased nickel to lower work hardening properties. Carbon is lowest in 304L for welding applications. Type 304/304L: chromium and nickel increased and carbon lowered to reduce carbide precipitation and increase corrosion resistance. Type 303Se: contains Se and P added to improve machinability. Corrosion resistance is slightly less than 302/304. Type 303: contains added phosphorus and sulfur for better machining characteristics. It is the renowned 188 stainless and is the most widely used of the chromium nickel stainless and heat resisting steels. Type 302: is the basic type of the 300 series, 18% chromium – 8% nickel group. Type 301: contains less chromium and nickel than 302 for more work hardening. Additional Chromium – to increase scaling, wear and corrosion resistance and increase tensile strength.Sulfur, Phosphorus and Selenium – to improve machinability.Titanium, Columbium and Tantalum – to prevent intergranular corrosion by stabilizing the carbon as titanium or columbium carbides instead of chromium carbides, produce finer grain size, reduce stretcher strains from drawing and forming in type 430.Molybdenum – to increase corrosion resistance (particularly in sulfite, sulfate, acetic acid and acetate solutions and salt water atmosphere), increase creep resistance, increase strength at elevated temperatures, expand range of passivity and counteract tendency to pit.Manganese – to improve hot working properties, increase yield and tensile strengths (above 2%), partially replace nickel and stabilize the austenitic structure. ![]() Silicon – to increase scaling resistance and resist carburizing at high temperatures.Nickel – to stabilize the austenitic structure, improve forming properties, increase ductility, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance (particularly in industrial and marine atmospheres, chemical, food and textile processing industries).Suncor uses this type in some products such as Quick Attach Wedges, however, these parts have a plating to protect against further corrosion. Varieties such as grade 440 find major applications as products that must resist atmospheric oxidation, mildly corrosive chemicals and wet or dry corrosion. The Martensitic grades are hardenable by heat treatment and are magnetic. Ferritic grades are magnetic and nonhardenable. Suncor Stainless does not typically use ferritic grades of stainless steel. They can be softened by “annealing” heat treating. However, they can be magnetic to a small degree, especially in formed parts. The Austenitic grades are generally nonmagnetic and hardenable only by cold working. Grade 304 and 316 are the most important members of the Austenitic family and are the most widely used. Suncor Stainless mainly uses grade 304 and 316 stainless steel from the 300 series. Stainless steel can be broken down into three major groups – Austenitic, Ferritic and Martensitic ![]()
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